Lesson 9.5: Environment & Ecology – Global Initiatives, Climate Updates
This lesson focuses on environmental developments, climate action, biodiversity, and global ecological initiatives, important for UPSC GS Paper 3 and current affairs.
Global Environmental Initiatives:
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Paris Agreement: India’s commitments to reduce emissions and increase renewable energy.
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UN Environment Programme (UNEP): Key programs on sustainability and biodiversity.
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International Climate Summits (COP): COP26, COP27 – discussions on carbon neutrality and climate finance.
National & Regional Environment Updates:
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Government Policies: National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), Green Energy Mission, Afforestation Programs.
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Conservation Efforts: Wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, endangered species protection.
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Pollution & Waste Management: Air quality initiatives, plastic ban, e-waste management policies.
Tips for Preparation:
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Maintain tables of global and national initiatives with objectives.
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Track latest climate reports, scientific findings, and government actions.
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Focus on impact and India’s role in global environmental governance.
Example Question (Prelims Practice):
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“Which Indian initiative focuses on renewable energy development?” → National Solar Mission
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“Which COP summit focused on carbon neutrality targets?” → COP26
