Lesson 5.1: General Science – Physics, Chemistry, Biology Basics
General Science forms the foundation for UPSC exams, covering basic concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
Physics Basics:
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Mechanics: Motion, force, Newton’s laws, work, energy, power.
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Thermodynamics: Heat, temperature, laws of thermodynamics.
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Electricity & Magnetism: Current, voltage, resistance, Ohm’s law, electromagnetic induction.
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Optics & Waves: Light, reflection, refraction, sound waves.
Chemistry Basics:
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Atomic Structure: Atoms, molecules, periodic table, chemical bonds.
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Chemical Reactions: Types of reactions, acids, bases, salts, pH scale.
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Organic & Inorganic Chemistry: Basics of hydrocarbons, functional groups, metals, and non-metals.
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Environmental Chemistry: Pollution, water and air quality, green chemistry concepts.
Biology Basics:
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Cell Biology: Structure, organelles, DNA, RNA, cell division (mitosis & meiosis).
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Human Biology: Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems.
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Plant Biology: Photosynthesis, plant reproduction, and plant physiology.
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Ecology & Environment: Ecosystem, food chain, biodiversity basics.
Key Points for Revision:
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Newton’s laws and basic physics formulas
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Important chemical reactions and periodic table groups
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Cell structure, human and plant systems
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Ecosystem and biodiversity fundamentals
Example Question (Prelims Practice):
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“Which law states that force equals mass times acceleration?” → Newton’s Second Law
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“What is the basic unit of life?” → Cell
