Lesson 3.3: Logical & Analytical Reasoning (Syllogism, Statements, Inequalities, Input-Output, Ranking)

Objective: Master logical and analytical reasoning concepts to solve syllogisms, statements, inequalities, input-output, and ranking problems in Banking Exams.

1. Syllogism

• Definition: Determine if a conclusion follows from given statements.

• Types:

  • All, Some, No type statements

  • Venn diagram method for visualization

• Tips:

  • Draw Venn diagrams for clarity.

  • Identify keywords like “All,” “Some,” “None.”

Example:

• Statement: All A are B. All B are C. Conclusion: All A are C? → Yes

2. Statements & Assumptions / Conclusions

• Statement: A given fact or information.

• Assumption/Conclusion: A logical inference from the statement.

• Tips:

  • Read statements carefully, do not assume extra information.

  • Use “Yes/No/Depends” method for conclusions.

Example:

• Statement: “School introduced extra classes.”

• Conclusion: “Students will study more.” → Assumption likely True

3. Inequalities

• Definition: Compare quantities using <, >, ≤, ≥ symbols.

• Tips:

  • Represent relations step by step.

  • Solve combined inequalities by substitution.

Example:

• If A > B, B ≥ C → A > C

4. Input-Output

• Definition: Find final output from a series of steps applied to an input.

• Tips:

  • Track changes step by step.

  • Look for patterns or repeated rules.

Example:

• Input: 12 5 8 3 → Step: Add 2 to even, subtract 1 from odd → Output: 14 4 10 2

5. Ranking & Direction Problems

• Ranking: Arrange persons/items based on given conditions.

• Direction/Position: Find relative position using logical clues.

• Tips:

  • Use tables or diagrams for clarity.

  • Break complex statements into smaller steps.

6. Tips for Banking Exams

• Practice syllogism, inequalities, and ranking daily.

• Use rough sheets for diagrams.

• Analyze previous years’ logical reasoning questions to spot patterns.

• Focus on accuracy first, then speed.

✅ Lesson Summary:
Logical & Analytical Reasoning requires careful interpretation of syllogisms, statements, inequalities, input-output, and ranking problems. Using diagrams, stepwise analysis, and consistent practice ensures success in Banking Exams.